This section provides an overview of EU and candidate countries’ reported exports and re-exports of CITES-listed species in 2013. As in 2012, Tridacna maxima was again the species directly exported by the EU in the highest quantities from the wild; the majority of other wild-sourced exports (excluding trade for scientific purposes) comprised hunting trophies. The commodities exported at the highest volumes from all sources were: medicine from Cairina moschata[1]; live plants; and live sturgeon eggs. The number of plant taxa traded at high volumes increased from 15 taxa in 2012 to 35 taxa in 2013, primarily due to an increase in the number of species exported as seeds that met the criterion.
Trade in artificially propagated Appendix-II plants and re-exports of manufactured articles of Appendix II species have been excluded from the analyses in this chapter. Throughout the chapter, ‘exports’ refers to both direct exports and indirect exports (re-exports), unless otherwise specified.
This section focuses on wild-sourced trade originating in the EU (including both direct exports and re-exports where both the exporting country and the country of origin are EU Member States). In 2013, Member States reported 430 export transactions involving wild-sourced species originating in the EU; these transactions were mainly recorded for scientific purposes (60%; Figure 4.1). The remainder comprised mainly commercial trade in live Tridacna maxima[1] and hunting trophies of Ursus arctos (Table 4.1).
Wild-sourced exports for scientific purposes involved 143 different taxa, including 108 Scleractinian corals and 20 mammals (including Ursus arctos, Lynx lynx, L. pardinus and Canis lupus, among others).
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Percentage of wild-sourced (re )export transactions originating in the EU in 2013, as reported by the exporters, by purpose (n=430). ‘Other’ includes purposes ‘B’, ‘E’, ‘Q’ and ‘Z’.
Wild-sourced (re-)exports originating in the EU in 2013, as reported by the (re-)exporters. Trade for scientific purposes (purpose ‘S’) is excluded.
| [i]Taxon[/i] | App./Annex | Exporter (origin, if applicable) | Importer | Qty | Term (unit) | Purpose | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mammals | [i]Canis aureus[/i] | III/C | Croatia | Russian Federation | 1 | trophy | H |
| Mammals | [i]Canis aureus[/i] | III/C | Croatia | United States | 8 | trophies | H |
| Mammals | [i]Canis lupus[/i] | II/A | Croatia | United States | 2 | trophies | H |
| Mammals | [i]Canis lupus[/i] | II/A | Estonia | Iceland | 1 | body | H |
| Mammals | [i]Canis lupus[/i] | II/A | Romania | FYR Macedonia | 2 | trophies | H |
| Mammals | [i]Canis lupus[/i] | II/A | Romania | Norway | 1 | trophy | H |
| Mammals | [i]Canis lupus[/i] | II/A | Romania | Philippines | 1 | trophy | H |
| Mammals | [i]Canis lupus[/i] | II/A | Romania | Switzerland | 2 | trophies | H |
| Mammals | [i]Felis silvestris[/i] | II/A | Croatia | Russian Federation | 1 | trophy | H |
| Mammals | [i]Felis silvestris[/i] | II/A | Croatia | United States | 6 | trophies | H |
| Mammals | [i]Felis silvestris[/i] | II/A | Romania | Ukraine | 1 | trophy | H |
| Mammals | [i]Lynx lynx[/i] | II/A | Estonia | United States | 1 | skin | H |
| Mammals | [i]Lynx lynx[/i] | II/A | Estonia | United States | 1 | trophy | H |
| Mammals | [i]Lynx lynx[/i] | II/A | Finland | Russian Federation | 1 | trophy | P |
| Mammals | [i]Lynx lynx[/i] | II/A | Sweden | Norway | 2 | bodies | H |
| Mammals | [i]Lynx lynx[/i] | II/A | Sweden | Norway | 3 | skins | H |
| Mammals | [i]Ursus arctos[/i] | II/A | Croatia | United States | 3 | trophies | H |
| Mammals | [i]Ursus arctos[/i] | II/A | Finland | Norway | 1 | trophy | H |
| Mammals | [i]Ursus arctos[/i] | II/A | Germany (Bulgaria) | Switzerland | 1 | trophy | H |
| Mammals | [i]Ursus arctos[/i] | II/A | Romania | Mexico | 1 | trophy | H |
| Mammals | [i]Ursus arctos[/i] | II/A | Romania | Norway | 1 | trophy | H |
| Mammals | [i]Ursus arctos[/i] | II/A | Romania | Russian Federation | 5 | trophies | H |
| Mammals | [i]Ursus arctos[/i] | II/A | Romania | Switzerland | 4 | trophies | H |
| Mammals | [i]Ursus arctos[/i] | II/A | Romania | Tanzania | 1 | trophy | H |
| Mammals | [i]Ursus arctos[/i] | II/A | Romania | Turkey | 2 | trophies | H |
| Mammals | [i]Ursus arctos[/i] | II/A | Romania | Ukraine | 13 | trophies | H |
| Mammals | [i]Ursus arctos[/i] | II/A | Romania | United States | 4 | trophies | H |
| Mammals | [i]Ursus arctos[/i] | II/A | Sweden | Norway | 1 | body | H |
| Mammals | [i]Ursus arctos[/i] | II/A | Sweden | Norway | 3 | skins | H |
| Mammals | [i]Ursus arctos[/i] | II/A | Sweden | Norway | 3 | skulls | H |
| Mammals | [i]Ursus arctos[/i] | II/A | Sweden | Norway | 4 | trophies | H |
| Mammals | [i]Ursus arctos[/i] | II/A | Sweden | Switzerland | 1 | skin | P |
| Mammals | [i]Megaptera novaeangliae[/i] | I/A | France | Australia | 1 | skin piece | E |
| Mammals | [i]Tursiops truncatus[/i] | II/A | France | Australia | 1 | genitalia | E |
| Mammals | [i]Tursiops truncatus[/i] | II/A | France | Australia | 2 | specimens | E |
| Mammals | [i]Monodon monoceros[/i] | II/A | Belgium (Denmark) | Australia | 1 | tusk | T |
| Mammals | [i]Monodon monoceros[/i] | II/A | Belgium (Denmark) | United States | 1 | tusk | T |
| Mammals | [i]Phocoena phocoena[/i] | II/A | France | Australia | 1 | specimen | E |
| Birds | [i]Accipiter nisus[/i] | II/A | Denmark | United States | 1 | skeleton | P |
| Birds | [i]Aegypius monachus[/i] | II/A | Germany (Spain) | Switzerland | 1 | live | B |
| Birds | [i]Aquila pomarina[/i] | II/A | Latvia | United States | 2 | live | Z |
| Birds | [i]Tyto alba[/i] | II/A | United Kingdom | South Africa | 1 | body | T |
| Reptiles | [i]Chelonia mydas[/i] | I/A | France | Switzerland | 1 | carapace | P |
| Fish | [i]Cetorhinus maximus[/i] | II/B | United Kingdom | Qatar | 1 | body | Q |
| Invertebrates | [i]Tridacna maxima[/i] | II/B | France | Brazil | 300 | live | T |
| (other than coral) | [i]Tridacna maxima[/i] | II/B | France | China | 150 | live | T |
| (other than coral) | [i]Tridacna maxima[/i] | II/B | France | Japan | 250 | live | T |
| (other than coral) | [i]Tridacna maxima[/i] | II/B | France | New Zealand | 60 | live | T |
| (other than coral) | [i]Tridacna maxima[/i] | II/B | France | Singapore | 250 | live | T |
| (other than coral) | [i]Tridacna maxima[/i] | II/B | France | Switzerland | 100 | live | T |
| (other than coral) | [i]Tridacna maxima[/i] | II/B | France | United States | 14247 | live | T |
| Corals | [i]Acropora[/i] spp. | II/B | France | Switzerland | 2 | raw corals | P |
| Corals | [i]Montipora[/i] spp. | II/B | France | Switzerland | 1 | raw coral | P |
| Corals | [i]Fungia[/i] spp. | II/B | France | Switzerland | 1 | raw coral | P |
| Corals | [i]Pocillopora damicornis[/i] | II/B | France | United States | 1 | specimen | T |
| Corals | [i]Porites[/i] spp. | II/B | France | Switzerland | 4 | raw corals | P |
| Plants | [i]Adonis vernalis[/i] | II/B | Germany (Romania) | South Africa | 1 | dried plants (kg) | T |
| Plants | [i]Barlia robertiana[/i] | II/B | France | Japan | 3 | derivatives | T |
| Plants | [i]Cyclamen purpurascens[/i] | II/B | Germany (France) | Switzerland | 2 | medicine (kg) | T |
| Plants | [i]Cyclamen purpurascens[/i] | II/B | Germany (France) | Switzerland | <1 | medicine (l) | T |
[1] Reported by France; the top importer, the United States, reported the exporter as French Polynesia.
Candidate countries reported 75 direct export transactions of wild-sourced species in 2013, the majority for commercial purposes (68%; Figure 4.3). Wild-sourced exports for purposes other than “scientific” involved eight taxa, including the Annex A species Canis lupus (Table 4.9). Direct trade in wild-sourced scientific specimens involved ten skin pieces of Annex A listed Tursiops truncatus exported by Montenegro to Croatia.
Proportion of wild-sourced direct export transactions reported by candidate countries in 2013, by purpose (n=75).
Wild-sourced direct exports reported by candidate countries in 2013. Trade for scientific purposes (purpose ‘S’) is excluded.
| Taxon | App./Annex | Exporter | Importer | Qty | Term (unit) | Purpose | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mammals | [i]Ammotragus lervia[/i] | II/B | FYR Macedonia | Italy | 1 | trophy | P |
| Mammals | [i]Canis lupus[/i] | II/A | FYR Macedonia | Czech Republic | 1 | trophy | P |
| Mammals | [i]Canis lupus[/i] | II/A | FYR Macedonia | France | 1 | trophy | P |
| Mammals | [i]Canis lupus[/i] | II/A | FYR Macedonia | Georgia | 1 | trophy | P |
| Mammals | [i]Canis lupus[/i] | II/A | FYR Macedonia | Hungary | 3 | trophies | P |
| Mammals | [i]Canis lupus[/i] | II/A | FYR Macedonia | Italy | 2 | trophies | P |
| Mammals | [i]Canis lupus[/i] | II/A | FYR Macedonia | Netherlands | 1 | trophy | P |
| Mammals | [i]Canis lupus[/i] | II/A | FYR Macedonia | Poland | 1 | trophy | P |
| Mammals | [i]Canis lupus[/i] | II/A | FYR Macedonia | Russian Federation | 4 | trophies | P |
| Mammals | [i]Canis lupus[/i] | II/A | FYR Macedonia | Spain | 2 | trophies | P |
| Mammals | [i]Canis lupus[/i] | II/A | FYR Macedonia | United States | 6 | trophies | P |
| Fish | [i]Anguilla anguilla[/i] | II/B | Turkey | Republic of Korea | 4500 | fins | T |
| Invertebrates | [i]Hirudo verbana[/i] | II/B | Turkey | Bulgaria | 8 | live (kg) | T |
| Invertebrates | [i]Hirudo verbana[/i] | II/B | Turkey | France | 250 | live (kg) | T |
| Invertebrates | [i]Hirudo verbana[/i] | II/B | Turkey | Germany | 150 | live (kg) | T |
| Invertebrates | [i]Hirudo verbana[/i] | II/B | Turkey | Korea, D.P.R. | 13 | live (kg) | T |
| Invertebrates | [i]Hirudo verbana[/i] | II/B | Turkey | Lithuania | 2 | live (kg) | T |
| Invertebrates | [i]Hirudo verbana[/i] | II/B | Turkey | Republic of Korea | 13 | live (kg) | T |
| Invertebrates | [i]Hirudo verbana[/i] | II/B | Turkey | Switzerland | 3 | live (kg) | T |
| Invertebrates | [i]Hirudo verbana[/i] | II/B | Turkey | United Kingdom | 60 | live (kg) | T |
| Invertebrates | [i]Hirudo verbana[/i] | II/B | Turkey | Uzbekistan | 12 | live (kg) | T |
| Plants | [i]Galanthus elwesii[/i] | II/B | Turkey | Netherlands | 5166150 | live | T |
| Plants | [i]Galanthus woronowii[/i] | II/B | Turkey | Netherlands | 3243150 | live | T |
| Plants | [i]Cyclamen cilicium[/i] | II/B | Turkey | Netherlands | 44400 | live | T |
| Plants | [i]Cyclamen coum[/i] | II/B | Turkey | Netherlands | 401540 | live | T |
[1] Correspondence with France confirmed that this represents trade in homeopathic medicine, reported in number of drug packets.