This section provides a detailed analysis of taxa imported by the EU and candidate countries in 2013 that showed noteworthy patterns in wild-sourced or ranched trade, according to one or both of the following criteria: high volume of trade in 2013 or sharp increase in trade in 2013. The process of selection according to these criteria is summarised here.
A total of 75 taxa showed noteworthy trends in EU imports in 2013, primarily comprising mammals (15), reptiles (19), corals (11) and plants (17, including four timber species). Sixty-three per cent of the taxa selected were also selected in the 2012 Analysis. Eleven taxa showed noteworthy trends in candidate country imports in 2013, nearly half of which were birds.
Species that were selected according to the criteria outlined here on the basis of EU or candidate country imports are presented in the tables below; two coral taxa selected on the basis of EU imports recorded at the higher taxon level (i.e. genus and above) are included here. The tables provide a summary of trade in 2013 for each species selected, and additional relevant information such as SRG opinions and quotas.
The trade accounts cover all direct trade in the sources included in the selection process (wild, ranched, unknown and unspecified), in all terms, as reported by the EU (in the case of species selected on the basis of EU imports) or candidate countries (in the case of species selected on the basis of candidate country imports). Trade levels 2004-2013 are presented graphically for those species included the table that were not selected in the 2012 Analysis, with the exception of species selected on the basis of trade for scientific or reintroduction purposes and cases where minimal trade was reported in years prior to 2013. These can be viewed by clicking on the species name within the table.
| Annex/App. | [l]Taxon (Common name) | [l]IUCN Red List status | [l]Selection criteria | [l]Previously selected (2010 onwards) | [l]Summary of trade | [l]Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ANNEX A: MAMMALS | ||||||
| A/I | [l][i]Acinonyx jubatus [/i] (Cheetah) | [l]VU | [l]High volume (GT) | [l]2012 | [l]Wild-sourced imports in 2013 comprised trophies and trophy parts (52 trophies, three skins and one skull) reported as either purpose H or P, equating to approximately 56 individuals. All were imported from Namibia. Imports of [i]A. jubatus[/i] trophy items decreased by 30% between 2012 and 2013. | [l]The population from Namibia was reviewed for SRG 55, following which a positive opinion was formed on 07/10/2011. Namibia published an export quota in 2013 for ’150 trophies (skins) and live specimens’, established through an annotation to the Appendix I listing of this species (see AC27 Doc. 18 Annex 2), of which imports by the EU accounted for 37%. [1] |
| A/I | [l][i]Panthera pardus [/i] (Leopard) | [l]NT | [l]High volume (GT) | [l]2010, 2011, 2012 | [l]In 2013, wild-sourced imports comprised trophy items reported as either purpose H or P, which equated to approximately 188 individuals (168 trophies, nine skins, seven skulls, four bodies). The top exporters of trophy items in 2013 were Zimbabwe, Namibia, and Tanzania. A permit analysis identified one case where a skin and a skull were exported on the same permit, potentially reducing the number of individuals in trade to 187. This represents a 31% decrease compared to 2012 to the lowest reported level 2004-2013. | [l]In 2013, only the Democratic Republic of the Congo published a quota for one skin. Resolution Conf. 10.14 (Rev. CoP16) lays out the numbers of skins that may be harvested for export per year by country. For both Zimbabwe and Tanzania, this number is 500 and for Namibia it is 250. |
| A/B/I/II | [l][i]Loxodonta africana [/i] (African Elephant) | [l]VU | [l]High volume (GT) | [l2010, 2011, 2012 | [l]In 2013, wild-sourced imports primarily consisted of trophy items reported as purpose H, P or T equating to approximately 82 individuals (55 trophies, 18 skins, seven tusks, four feet, three bodies, one skull; assuming 1.88 tusks per individual and excluding 61 kg of tusks also reported in 2013). Imports in 2013 decreased by 24% compared to 2012. The top exporter of trophy items in 2013 was Tanzania. | [l]The species was reviewed for SRG 59 and 68 following which a positive opinion was confirmed for Tanzania on 23/02/2012. Based on information from Tanzania, the positive opinion was again confirmed on 24/10/2014 and 09/04/2015, but a negative opinion for source W trophies was formed on 02/07/2015. Trade is closely monitored through the CITES process following Decision 14.78 (Rev. CoP16). In 2013, Tanzania published an export quota for 400 tusks as trophies from 200 animals. [i]Loxodonta africana[/i] hunting trophies are subject to Article 4 of Regulation (EC) No 338/97, as per Commission Regulation (EU) 2015/870. |
| ANNEX A: BIRDS | ||||||
| A/I | [l][i]Haliaeetus albicilla [/i] (White-tailed Eagle) | [l]LC | [l]Sharp increase | [l]2011 | [l]In 2013, wild-sourced imports comprised 15 bodies for scientific purposes, all imported from Greenland. Imports of wild-sourced [i]H. albicilla[/i] for scientific purposes were reported in 2004, 2009, 2012-2013 (bodies, feathers or specimens). The only other imports of wild-sourced bodies over the period 2004-2013 were reported in 2009 (six). | [l] |
| A/I | [l][i]Falco peregrinus [/i] (Peregrine Falcon) | [l]LC | [l]Sharp increase | [l] | [l]Wild-sourced imports in 2013 consisted of 13 bodies, 10 eggs and 10 feathers mainly for scientific purposes. The majority were imported from Greenland (88%) and the remainder from Switzerland. Imports of wild-sourced [i]F. peregrinus[/i] over the period 2004-2013 were primarily for scientific purposes and comprised feathers and eggs. The only other import of a wild-sourced body was in 2004. | [l] |
| A/I | [l][i]Falco rusticolus [/i] (Gyr Falcon) | [l]LC | [l]Sharp increase | [l] | [l]All wild-sourced imports in 2013 comprised 17 bodies for scientific purposes, all of which were imported from Greenland. The only other import of this species over the period 2004-2013 was one feather imported for scientific purposes in 2004. | [l] |
| A/I | [l][i]Amazona versicolor [/i] (Saint Lucia Parrot) | [l]VU | [l]Sharp increase | [l] | [l]Wild-sourced imports in 2013 comprised six live individuals for captive breeding, all imported from Saint Lucia. Imports of wild-sourced live individuals for breeding purposes were reported in 2010 and 2013 only, with a six-fold increase in 2013 compared to 2010. The only other import reported over the period 2004-2013 were wild-sourced specimens for scientific purposes in 2005. | [l] |
| ANNEX A: PLANTS | ||||||
| A/I | [l][i]Fitzroya cupressoides [/i] (Patagonian Cypress) | [l]EN | [l]Sharp increase | [l] | [l]In 2013, wild-sourced imports consisted principally of 864 seeds for purpose G (botanical gardens), all of which were imported from Chile. In addition, small quantities of dried and live plants were imported in 2013, also for botanical gardens. Prior to 2013, notable quantities of wild-sourced seeds were also imported from Chile in 2009 (69 316 kg). | [l] |
| A/I | [l][i]Pilgerodendron uviferum[/i] | [l]VU | [l]Sharp increase | [l] | [l]In 2013, the majority of wild-sourced imports comprised 1 200 seeds for purpose G (botanical gardens), all of which were imported from Chile. In addition, small quantities of dried plants and live plants were imported in 2013, also for botanical gardens. Prior to 2013, notable quantities of wild-sourced seeds were also imported from Chile in 2009 (28 160 kg). | [l] |
| ANNEX B: MAMMALS | ||||||
| B/II | [l][i]Hippopotamus amphibius [/i] (Hippopotamus) | [l]VU | [l]High volume (GT) | [l]2010, 2011, 2012 | [l]The main wild sourced commodities imported by the EU in 2013 were trophy items reported as purposes H, P, or T, which equated to approximately 187 individuals (659 teeth, 51 trophies, 28 feet, 12 tusks, 24 skins, 19 skulls, seven tails, two genitalia; assuming 12 teeth, two tusks and four feet per individual). The top exporters of trophy items in 2013 were Zimbabwe, South Africa, Zambia, and Tanzania. A permit analysis revealed a number of cases where multiple trophy items were exported on the same permit, therefore potentially reducing the number of individuals in trade to 142, a decrease of 35% compared to 2012. | [l]The species was reviewed for SRG 52 and 68, following which a positive opinion was confirmed for South Africa, Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe on 28/05/2014. The species has been subject to scrutiny as part of the CITES Review of Significant Trade Process (AC25 Doc.9.4 Annex). In 2013 Tanzania published an export quota for 10 598 kg of teeth and hunting trophies from 1 200 animals. [i]Hippopotamus amphibius[/i] hunting trophies are subject to Article 4 of Regulation (EC) No 338/97, as per Commission Regulation (EU) 2015/870. |
| B/II | [l][i]Pecari tajacu [/i] (Collared Peccary) | [l]LC | [l]High volume | [l]2010, 2011, 2012 | [l]In 2013, wild-sourced imports primarily consisted of 20 132 skins imported from Peru for commercial purposes. While imports of wild-sourced skins increased by 8% relative to 2012, imports in 2013 still represented their second lowest level of trade over the ten year period 2004-2013. | [l]The species was reviewed for SRG 62, following which a positive opinion was confirmed for Peru on 07/12/2012. |
| B/II | [l][i]Tayassu pecari [/i] (White-lipped Peccary) | [l]VU | [l]High volume (GT) | [l]2010, 2011, 2012 | [l]Wild-sourced imports of [i]T. pecari[/i] in 2013 solely comprised 2 381 skins imported from Peru for commercial purposes. Imports of wild-sourced skins decreased by 42% in 2013 relative to 2012, representing their lowest level over the period 2004-2013. | [l]The population of Peru was reviewed for SRG 51, following which a positive opinion was confirmed on 16/02/2010. [i]T. pecari[/i] (all range States) was selected for the CITES Review of Significant Trade following CoP16 (AC27 WG1 Doc.1). Peru did not provide a response to Secretariat consultation in 2014. Range States to be retained will be determined at AC28 (AC28 Doc 9.4 (Rev. 1)). |
| B/II | [l][i]Lycalopex griseus [/i] (South American Grey Fox) | [l]LC | [l]High volume? | [l]2010, 2011, 2012 | [l]In 2013, wild-sourced imports primarily comprised 18 858 skins imported from Argentina for commercial purposes. In addition, 2 553 skins pieces were imported in 2013. Imports of wild-sourced skins decreased by 25% in 2013 relative to 2012, following a considerable decrease from a peak of over 120 000 skins imported in 2006. | [l]The population from Argentina was reviewed for SRG 46, following which a positive opinion was reconfirmed on 02/12/2008. |
| B/II | [l][i]Lynx canadensis [/i] (Canada Lynx) | [l]LC | [l]High volume | [l]2010, 2011, 2012 | [l]Wild-sourced imports by the EU in 2013 primarily comprised 6 858 skins for commercial purposes. The majority were imported from Canada (96%) and the remainder from the United States. Imports of wild-sourced skins in 2013 decreased by 7% relative to 2012. Imports of wild sourced trophies in 2013 (11) increased by 83% compared to 2012, representing the highest level of trade over the ten-year period, while imports of garments (503; mainly reported as source unspecified) increased by more than nine and half-fold between 2012 and 2013. | [l]The SRG confirmed a positive opinion for wild specimens from Canada on 27/03/2007. The population from the United States was reviewed for SRG 62, following which a positive opinion was confirmed on 07/12/2012. |
| B/II | [l][i]Lynx rufus [/i] (Bobcat) | [l]LC | [l]High volume | [l]2010, 2011, 2012 | [l]In 2013, wild-sourced imports primarily comprised 22 653 skins mainly imported for commercial purposes (>99%), of which 90% were from the United States and the remainder from Canada. Wild-sourced imports of skins in 2013 increased by 29% relative to 2012. In addition, 767 kg of wild-sourced skin pieces were also imported in 2013; the only other trade in skin pieces by weight was in 2011 (100 kg) and 2007 (700 kg).Wild-sourced imports of trophies (10) in 2013 increased by two and half-fold compared to 2012, and imports of garments (650; mainly source unspecified) in 2013 increased by 80% relative to 2012. | [l]The SRG confirmed positive opinions for both the United States and Canada on 27/03/2007 and CoP15 Prop. 2 noted that the species status was considered to be secure, with stable or increasing populations. |
| B/III | [l]Odobenus rosmarus (Walrus) | [l]DD | [l]High volume (GT), Sharp increase | [l] | [l]Wild-sourced imports in 2013 primarily comprised trophy items (51 tusks, 11 trophies, six skulls) equating to approximately 43 individuals, reported as either purpose H, P or T’, the majority of which were imported from Canada (99%). This represented an increase of 29% compared to 2012. In addition, three live [i]O. rosmarus[/i] were imported from Russia for zoos, an increase from one imported in 2012. | [l]Reviewed at SRG46, following which a positive opinion was formed for Canada (02/12/2008). |
| B/II | [l][i]Ursus maritimus [/i] (Polar Bear) | [l]VU | [l]High volume (GT) | [l]2010, 2011, 2012 | [l]Excluding trade for scientific purposes, wild-sourced imports in 2013 comprised trophy items reported as purposes H, P, and T from Canada, equating to approximately 98 individuals (59 skins, 25 skulls, 14 trophies). A permit analysis revealed one case where a skin and a skull were reported on the same permit, and a further three cases where multiple skins and skulls were exported on the same permit, therefore potentially reducing the number of individuals in trade to 88; this represented a 52% increase compared to imports reported in 2012. | [l]The species has been discussed at numerous SRG meetings. At SRG 68 on 28/05/2014, Canada presented updated information on population status and monitoring, following which the positive opinion was confirmed for Canada, except for subpopulations of Baffin Bay and Kane Basin, for which a negative opinion was confirmed. [i]U. maritimus[/i] (all range States) was selected for the CITES Review of Significant Trade following CoP16 (AC27 WG1 Doc.1).Canada responded to the Secretariats consultation. Range States to be retained will be determined at AC28 (AC28 Doc 9.4 (Rev. 1)). [i]Ursus maritimus[/i] hunting trophies are subject to Article 4 of Regulation (EC) No 338/97, as per Commission Regulation (EU) 2015/870. |
| B/II | [l][i]Equus zebra hartmannae [/i] (Hartmann’s Mountain Zebra) | [l]VU | [l]High volume (GT) | [l]2010, 2011, 2012 | [l]In 2013, wild-sourced imports principally comprised skins reported under purposes H, P, and T, as well as other trophy items, the majority of which originated in Namibia. Wild-sourced trade in trophy items equated to approximately 782 individuals (696 skins, 70 trophies, 46 feet, one skeleton, and one genitalia). A permit analysis revealed a number of cases where trophy items were exported on the same export permit (predominantly skins and feet) potentially reducing the number of individuals imported to 771, a slight decrease compared to 2012. | [l]The SRG formed a positive opinion for [i]E. zebra hartmannae[/i] from Namibia on 02/12/2008. E. zebra hartmannae was also reviewed as a case study as part of a report on hunting trophies for SRG 65. |
| A/B/I/II | [l]Ceratotherium simum simum (Southern White Rhinoceros) | [l]NT | [l]High volume (GT) | 2011 | [l]Imports in 2013 comprised wild-sourced trophy items reported as either purpose H or P from South Africa: 37 trophies, 16 feet, 12 horns, seven skins, two tails, and one skull. A permit analysis revealed eight cases where multiple trophy items were exported on the same permit, potentially reducing the number of individuals in trade to 46, more than double compared to 2012 (21). | [l][i]Ceratotherium simum simum[/i] from South Africa was reviewed for SRG 68 following which a positive opinion was formed on 28/05/2014. [i]Ceratotherium simum simum[/i] hunting trophies are subject to Article 4 of Regulation (EC) No 338/97, as per Commission Regulation (EU) 2015/870. |
| A/B/I/II | [l][i]Loxodonta africana [/i] (African Elephant) | [l]VU | [l]High volume (GT) | [l]2010, 2011, 2012 | [l]In 2013, wild-sourced imports (and a small number reported without a source code) primarily comprised trophy items reported as purpose H, P, or T equating to approximately 409 individuals (198 skins, 128 tusks, 90 feet, 85 trophies, 23 ears, 20 tails, three skulls; assuming 1.88 tusks per individual and excluding 76 kg of tusks). The top exporter of trophy items in 2013 was Zimbabwe; the remainder were from South Africa, Botswana and Namibia. A permit analysis revealed a number of cases where multiple trophy items were exported on the same export permit, potentially reducing the number of individuals in trade to 381, remaining stable compared to imports in 2012. | [l]The species was reviewed for SRG 59 and 68 and has been discussed frequently within the SRG. A positive opinion was confirmed for wild specimens from Botswana on 03/09/2014, Namibia on 23/02/2012, South Africa on 28/05/2014 and for wild-taken trophies from Zimbabwe on 09/04/2015. Trade is closely monitored through the CITES process following Decision 14.78 (Rev. CoP16). In 2013 Botswana published an export quota for 800 tusks as trophies from 400 individuals and zero quota for raw ivory other than trophies, Zimbabwe published an export quota for 1000 tusks as trophies from 500 animals. South Africa published a quota of 300 tusks from 150 animals, and Namibias quota was 180 tusks from 90 trophy animals. [i]Loxodonta africana[/i] hunting trophies are subject to Article 4 of Regulation (EC) No 338/97, as per Commission Regulation (EU) 2015/870. |
| ANNEX B: REPTILES | ||||||
| B/II | [l][i]Alligator mississippiensis [/i] (American Alligator) | [l]LR/lc* | [l]High volume | [l]2010, 2011, 2012 | [l]In 2013, wild-sourced imports primarily consisted of skins for commercial purposes (274 342), all imported from the United States. Imports of wild-sourced skins in 2013 increased by 15% relative to 2012, increasing for the fourth consecutive year. | [l]The species was reviewed for SRG 41 and a positive opinion was confirmed for the United States, the only range State, on 14/09/2007. |
| A/B/I/II | [l][i]Caiman crocodilus [/i] (Spectacled Caiman) | [l]LR/lc* | [l]High volume (for Annex B trade) | [l]2011, 2012 | [l]In 2013, wild-sourced imports of [i]C. crocodilus[/i] (including the sub-species [i]C. c. crocodilus[/i] and [i]C. c. yacare[/i]) primarily comprised skins for commercial purposes (57 837) from Bolivia (63%) and Venezuela (27%). Imports of wild-sourced skins in 2013 remained relatively stable compared to 2012. In addition, imports of wild-sourced live individuals in 2013 were more than double that in 2012, but were still remained lower than trade in previous years 2004-2013. | [l]The SRG formed a positive opinion for Venezuela on 14/09/2007. The species was reviewed for SRG 63, following which a positive opinion was formed for Bolivia on 07/02/2013. |
| A/B/I/II | [l]Melanosuchus niger (Black Caiman) | [l]NT | [l]High volume (GT), Sharp increase | [l] | [l]In 2013, wild-sourced imports comprised 51 skins imported from Brazil for commercial purposes. The only other EU imports of skins reported over the period 2004-2013 was in 2008 (eight) and in 2009 (two); [i]M. niger[/i] (Brazil and Ecuador) was listed in Appendix II in 2007. | [l] |
| A/B/I/II | [l]Crocodylus niloticus (Nile Crocodile) | [l]LR/lc* | [l]High volume, Sharp increase | [l] | [l]Imports in 2013 primarily comprised 42 658 skins, the majority of which were ranched and imported for commercial purposes (>99%). In addition, 35 450 kg of ranched meat was imported for commercial purposes. In 2013, Zimbabwe was the main exporter, accounting for 95% of skins exports and all exports of meat. Imports of skins in 2013 increased by more than 26 fold compared to 2012 to their highest level over the period 2004-2013. Imports of ranched meat in 2013 increased by almost nine-fold compared to 2010 (when trade in meat was last reported), again representing their highest level over the period 2004-2013. | [l]In 2013, Zimbabwe published a quota for 200 sports hunted specimens. |
| B/II | [l][i]Brookesia ambreensis[/i] | [l]NT | [l]Sharp increase | [l] | [l]In 2013, four wild-sourced bodies were imported from Madagascar for scientific purposes. The only other trade reported over the period 2004-2013 was in wild-sourced bodies imported from Madagascar for scientific purposes in 2007 (three bodies) and 2010 (one body). | [l]In 2014, Madagascar published a zero quota. |
| B/II | [l][i]Brookesia antakarana[/i] | [l]NT | [l]Sharp increase | [l] | [l]In 2013, four wild-sourced bodies were imported from Madagascar for scientific purposes. The only other trade reported over the period 2004-2013 was in wild-sourced bodies imported from Madagascar for scientific purposes in 2004 (three bodies) and 2007 (two bodies). | [l]In 2014, Madagascar published a zero quota. |
| B/II | [l][i]Brookesia ebenaui [/i] (Northern Leaf Chameleon) | [l]VU | [l]Sharp increase | [l] | [l]In 2013, three wild-sourced bodies were imported from Madagascar for scientific purposes. The only other trade reported over the period 2004-2013 was in wild-sourced bodies imported from Madagascar for scientific purposes in 2004 (two bodies) and 2007 (one body). | [l]In 2014 and 2015, Madagascar published quotas of 150 live specimens. The species was reviewed for SRG 69 on the basis of the 2014 quota, following which a no op ii) was formed on 03/09/2014. |
| B/II | [l][i]Brookesia minima [/i] (Minute Leaf Chameleon) | [l]EN | [l]Sharp increase | [l] | [l]In 2013, four wild-sourced bodies were imported from Madagascar for scientific purposes. Wild-sourced bodies were also imported from Madagascar for scientific purposes in 2005 (five bodies) and 2010 (one body); in 2006, 25 live individuals were imported from Madagascar for commercial trade. | [l]In 2014 and 2015, Madagascar published quotas of 150 live specimens. The species was reviewed for SRG 69 on the basis of the 2014 quota, following which a no op ii) was formed on 03/09/2014. |
| B/II | [l]Kinyongia fischeri (Fischer’s Chameleon) | [l]NT | [l]High volume (GT) | [l] | [l]In 2013, wild-sourced imports of [i]K. fischeri[/i] comprised 689 live individuals imported from Tanzania for commercial purposes. Imports of wild-sourced live individuals in 2013 were almost ten times greater than in 2012; however, this still represented their second lowest level of trade over the period 2004-2013. | [l][i]K. fischeri[/i] was reviewed for SRG 42, following which a negative opinion was formed on 20/02/2008, which was subsequently replaced by a positive opinion on 26/05/2008. In 2013, Tanzania published quotas for 3000 live wild-taken specimens and 10 captive-born (source F) specimens. [i]K. fischeri[/i] was subject to a taxonomic change at CoP15 (formerly [i]Bradypodion fischeri[/i]). This species was included in the Review of Significant Trade at CoP15 and trade from Tanzania was categorised as of urgent concern. Tanzania was retained in the review following AC26 and did not respond to the Secretariats consultation of June 2014 (AC28 Doc 9.3 (Rev.1).) |
| B/II | [l]Kinyongia tavetana (Mount Kilimanjaro Two-horned Chameleon) | [l]NT | [l]High volume (GT) | [l] | [l]Wild-sourced imports in 2013 comprised 362 live individuals imported from Tanzania for commercial purposes. Imports of wild-sourced live individuals in 2013 increased by more than eleven fold compared to 2012; however, this still represented their second lowest level of trade over the period 2004-2013. | [l][i]K. tavetana[/i] was reviewed for SRG 42, following which a positive opinion was formed on 29/02/2008. In 2013, Tanzania published quotas for 3000 live wild-taken specimens and 90 captive-born (source F) specimens. [i]K. tavetana[/i] was subject to a taxonomic change at CoP15 (formerly [i]Bradypodion tavetanum[/i]). This species was included in the Review of Significant Trade at CoP15 and trade from Tanzania was categorised as possible concern. Tanzania was retained in the review following AC26 and did not respond to the Secretariats consultation of June 2014 (AC28 Doc 9.3 (Rev.1).) |
| B/II | [l][i]Tupinambis merianae [/i] (Argentine Black and White Tegu) | [l]LC | [l]High volume | [l]2012 | [l]Wild-sourced imports to the EU in 2013 primarily comprised 29 298 skins imported from Argentina for commercial purposes. Imports of wild-sourced skins in 2013 rose by 20% relative to 2012, increasing for the second consecutive year. However, imports during 2013 were considerably lower than in 2004 and 2005 (124 930 and 123 092 skins respectively). | [l]The SRG formed a positive opinion for Argentina on 27/03/2007. |
| B/II | [l]Varanus niloticus (Nile Monitor) | [l]n/a | [l]High volume | [l]2010, 2011 | [l]In 2013, wild-sourced imports principally consisted of 26 847 skins imported for commercial purposes from Mali (61%) and Chad (39%). Imports of wild-sourced skins in 2013 increased by almost three-fold compared to 2012 however 2013 import levels were still the second lowest since 2004. | [l]Positive opinions were either confirmed (Chad) or formed (Mali) for these range States on 26/05/2008. |
| B/II | [l][i]Varanus salvator [/i] (Water Monitor) | [l]LC | [l]High volume | [l]2010, 2011, 2012 | [l]In 2013, wild-sourced imports primarily comprised 52 817 skins imported for commercial purposes from Indonesia (90%); the remainder from Malaysia. Imports of wild-sourced skins in 2013 increased by 21% relative to 2012 to the second highest level of trade reported over the ten year period, however it remained at just over half of trade reported in 2005 (84 515 skins). | [l]The species was reviewed for SRG 41 and populations from China, India and Singapore were reviewed for SRG 54. Positive opinions were confirmed for Indonesia on 29/02/2008 and for Malaysia on 02/12/2011. In 2013 Indonesia published an export quota for 426 600 ‘skins and skin products/live’ and 5 400 live, while Malaysia published an export quota for 18 000 live specimens and 166 500 skins (both from Peninsular Malaysia). Imports of skins and leather products by the EU accounted for 11% of Indonesias 2013 quota. |
| B/II | [l][i]Python reticulatus [/i] (Reticulated Python) | [l]n/a | [l]High volume | [l]2010, 2011, 2012 | [l]Wild-sourced imports in 2013, wild-sourced imports primarily comprised 31 891 skins imported for commercial purposes, the majority from Indonesia (75%); the remainder from Malaysia. Imports of wild-sourced skins in 2013 decreased by 40% relative to 2012, declining for the second consecutive year. | [l]The population from Indonesia and Viet Nam was reviewed for SRG 62, following which the positive opinion for wild specimens from Indonesia was removed on 07/12/2012, but re-formed on 28/05/2013 and last confirmed on 09/04/2015. A no op i) was formed on 02/12/2011 for Sarawak and Sabah in Malaysia and an import suspension was applied on 30/04/2004 and last confirmed on 28/05/2015 for Peninsular Malaysia. The species, including populations from Indonesia, Lao PDR and Viet Nam was selected for the CITES Review of Significant Trade following CoP15. Lao PDR and Malaysia were categorised as Possible Concern whereas Indonesia and Viet Nam were categorised as Least Concern. Lao PDR and Malaysia were retained in the review following AC26; Malaysia has provided information to be assessed by the Secretariat and AC Chair (AC28 Doc 9.3 (Rev.1).) In 2013, Indonesia published an export quota for 157 500 ‘skins and skin products/live’ and 4500 live; Malaysia published an export quota of 12 000 specimens (all terms, Sabah), 500 live (Peninsular) and 162 000 skins (Peninsular). Imports of skins and leather products to the EU accounted for 27% of Indonesias 2013 quota. |
| B/II | [l][i]Kinixys homeana [/i] (Home’s Hinge-back Tortoise) | [l]VU | [l]High volume (GT) | [l]2010, 2011, 2012 | [l]In 2013, imports comprised 214 live, ranched individuals imported from Togo for commercial purposes, representing an increase of 73% relative to 2012. Ranched specimens of this species have been suspended from import to the EU since 10/9/2012. | [l]Populations from Benin and Togo were reviewed for SRG 35. Following the negative opinions for wild-sourced specimens and ranched specimens with a snout-vent length >8 cm being confirmed for Ghana and Togo, respectively, on 02/12/2011, a suspension was put in place for wild-sourced specimens from Ghana and Togo, and ranched specimens with a straight carapace length >8 cm from Togo, on 10/09/2012 and remains valid.. The species, including populations from Togo, was selected for the CITES Review of Significant Trade following CoP15. Togo was categorised as Possible Concern. Recommendations to Togo included providing information on status, distribution (including extent in protected areas), confirmation that quotas will not be increased, details of non-detriment findings for wild and ranched exports, details of ranching facilities and control measures to differentiate between ranched and wild exports (AC27 WG1 Doc.1). Togo did not respond to the Secretariats consultation of June 2014 (AC28 Doc 9.3 (Rev.1)) Togo published an export quota for 2000 ranched and 500 wild-taken animals in 2013, EU imports accounted for 11% of the quota for ranched individuals. |
| B/II | [l][i]Testudo horsfieldii [/i] (Afghan Tortoise) | [l]VU | [l]High volume (GT) | [l]2010, 2011, 2012 | [l]In 2013, imports comprised 48 912 live individuals imported from Uzbekistan for commercial purposes, of which 69% were ranched and the remainder were wild-sourced. Imports of live, ranched individuals in 2013 increased by 32% relative to 2012, increasing for the fourth consecutive year; imports of live, wild-sourced individuals in 2013 decreased by 10% relative to 2012, declining for the second consecutive year. Total imports of live [i]T. horsfieldii[/i] showed an overall increasing trend 2004-2013. | [l]The population from Uzbekistan was reviewed for SRG 45 and 53 and discussed at SRG 70. The SRG formed a positive opinion for wild specimens from Uzbekistan on 26/09/2006; this was confirmed for wild and ranched specimens on 14/09/2010. A positive opinion for ranched specimens with a plastron length of <8cm was formed on 8/12/2014. There is a no opinion i) for source F specimens from Uzbekistan with carapace length 6-8 cm, formed on 27/02/2014. Following CoP14, the species was selected under the Review of Significant Trade. At AC25, Uzbekistan was categorised as of Possible Concern; following information provided by Uzbekistan, this species-country combination was removed from the process. Only Tajikistan has been retained in the process (AC27 Doc. 12.3). In 2013, Uzbekistan published export quotas for live, ranched (45 000) and wild-sourced (45 000) individuals, of which imports by the EU represented 75% and 34%, respectively. |
| ANNEX B: FISH | [l]#colspan# | |||||
| B/II | [l][i]Polyodon spathula [/i] (Paddlefish) | [l]VU | [l]High volume (GT) | [l]2010, 2011, 2012 | [l]Imports in 2013 comprised 838 kg of wild-sourced caviar imported from the United States for commercial purposes. Imports of wild-sourced caviar in 2013 decreased by 3% relative to 2012, continuing a year-on-year decrease since 2007, to their lowest level over the period 2004-2013. | [l]The species was reviewed for SRG 44 and a positive opinion was re-confirmed for the United States on 12/03/2009. The conservation and trade of Acipenseriformes are discussed at each meeting of the Animals Committee in accordance with Resolution 12.7 (Rev. CoP16). |
| B/II | [l][i]Arapaima gigas [/i] (Arapaima) | [l]DD | [l]High volume (GT), Sharp increase | [l] | [l]In 2013, wild-sourced imports comprised 54 skins and 22 leather products imported from Brazil for commercial purposes, representing more than a four-fold increase compared to 2012. Trade in [i]A. gigas[/i] into the EU was first reported in 2008 (meat reported by weight) and imports of wild-sourced skins was reported in 2012 and 2013 only. | [l] |
| AB/II | [l]Hippocampus reidi (Longsnout Seahorse) | [l]DD | [l]High volume (GT) | [l] | [l]Wild-sourced imports in 2013 consisted of 260 live individuals imported from Brazil for commercial purposes. Imports of wild-sourced live individuals in 2013 decreased by 31% relative to 2012 to the lowest reported levels since 2006. | [l] |
| B/II | [l]Hippocampus zosterae Dwarf Seahorse | [l]DD | [l]High volume (GT) | [l] | [l]In 2013, wild-sourced imports comprised 220 live individuals imported from the United States for commercial purposes, an increase of 29% relative to 2012. Imports of live individuals were reported in 2004, 2008, 2010, 2012 and 2013, and levels have been fairly consistent, with the exception of a peak in trade in 2008. | [l] |
| ANNEX B: INVERTEBRATES (NON CORAL) | ||||||
| B/II | [l][i]Ornithoptera croesus [/i] (Wallace’s Golden Birdwing) | [l]EN | [l]High volume (GT) | [l]2010, 2011, 2012 | [l]In 2013, 928 ranched bodies were imported from Indonesia for commercial purposes. Imports of ranched bodies in 2013 decreased by 21% relative to 2012. | [l]The species was reviewed for SRG 50 and 66. A negative opinion for ranched specimens from Indonesia was confirmed on 28/05/2014.There is a 4.6(b) import suspension for wild specimens from Indonesia, last confirmed on 28/05/2015. [i]O. croesus[/i] (all range States) was selected for the CITES Review of Significant Trade following CoP16 (AC27 WG1 Doc.1). Indonesia did not provide a response to Secretariat consultation in 2014. Range States to be retained will be determined at AC28 (AC28 Doc 9.4 (Rev. 1)). |
| B/II | [l][i]Ornithoptera rothschildi [/i] (Rothschild’s Birdwing) | [l]VU | [l]High volume (GT) | [l]2010, 2011, 2012 | [l]In 2013, 426 ranched bodies were imported from Indonesia for commercial purposes. Imports of ranched bodies in 2013 decreased by 26% relative to 2012. | [l]The Indonesian population was reviewed for SRG 60 and 66. A no opinion i) for ranched specimens from Indonesia was re-confirmed on 28/05/2014. [i]O. rothschildi[/i] all range States) was selected for the CITES Review of Significant Trade following CoP16 (AC27 WG1 Doc.1). Indonesia did not provide a response to Secretariat consultation in 2014. Range States to be retained will be determined at AC28 (AC28 Doc 9.4 (Rev. 1)). |
| B/II | [l][i]Strombus gigas [/i] (Queen Conch) | [l]n/a | [l]High volume | [l]2010, 2011, 2012 | [l]In 2013, wild-sourced imports principally comprised 339 054 kg of meat imported from Jamaica for commercial purposes. Imports of wild-sourced meat decreased by 12% in 2013 relative to 2012, to their lowest level over the period 2004-2013. | [l]The population from Jamaica was reviewed for SRG 46 and [i]S. gigas[/i] from range States with long-standing positive opinions was reviewed for SRG 63. A positive opinion for Jamaica was confirmed on 30/06/2009. The species was included under the Review of Significant Trade process following CoP11; only Grenada and Haiti remain in the process. In 2013 Jamaica published an export quota for 500 000 kg meat; imports by the EU represented 68% of this quota. |
| B/II | [l][i]Tridacna maxima [/i] (Small Giant Clam) | [l]NT | [l]High volume (GT) | [l]2010, 2011, 2012 | [l]In 2013, wild-sourced imports primarily comprised 2 790 live individuals imported for commercial purposes, the majority were from French Polynesia (82%) and the remainder from Sudan. Imports of live, wild-sourced individuals in 2013 increased by 36% relative to 2012, to their highest level over the period 2004-2013. | [l]The species was reviewed for SRG 70, and the positive opinion for French Polynesia was confirmed on 08/12/2014. A no op ii) for Sudan was formed on 27/02/2014, replacing a no op i) from 02/11/2011. Note that trade data available for the SRG 70 report indicated emerging commercial trade since 2011 at moderate levels. |
| ANNEX B: CORALS | ||||||
| B/II | [l][i]Catalaphyllia jardinei [/i] (Elegant Coral) | [l]VU | [l]High volume (GT) | [l]2010, 2011, 2012 | [l]In 2013, wild-sourced imports comprised 19 075 live corals imported for commercial purposes, of which more than 99% were imported from Australia. Imports of live, wild-sourced corals halved between 2012 and 2013. | [l]Adequate management of coral resources generally appears to be in place in Australia (see e.g. SRG 64/11).The SRG formed a positive opinion for wild specimens from Australia on 03/12/2010; and following review for SRG 55 the positive opinion was reconfirmed on 20/06/2011. |
| B/II | [l][i]Euphyllia ancora [/i] (Anchor Coral) | [l]VU | [l]High volume (GT) | [l]2010, 2011, 2012 | [l]In 2013, wild-sourced imports comprised 15 026 live corals imported for commercial purposes, the majority from Australia (58%), followed by Indonesia (42%). Imports of live, wild-sourced corals in 2013 increased by 37% relative to 2012. No trade in raw corals was reported in 2013, for the first time over the period 2004-2013. | [l]Adequate management of coral resources generally appears to be in place in Australia (see e.g. SRG 64/11). A positive opinion was formed for Australia on 20/06/2011 and confirmed on 07/11/2014, and the SRG formed a positive opinion for trade in [i]Euphyllia[/i] spp. at genus level on 07/11/2014. A previous negative opinion the genus from Indonesia was replaced with a positive opinion on 15/05/2002 and reconfirmed on 30/06/2009. On 07/11/2014, the SRG formed a positive opinion for trade in live specimens at species level for Indonesia and a no op i) for trade in raw corals at genus level. As per CITES Notification No. 2013/035, [i]Euphyllia[/i] is one of the coral taxa where reporting trade at the genus level is acceptable for raw corals (live to be identified to species level). |
| B/II | [l]Euphyllia glabrescens | [l]NT | [l]High volume (GT) | [l]2011 | [l]In 2013, wild-sourced imports solely consisted of 12 136 live corals imported for commercial purposes, the majority from Australia (64%), followed by Indonesia (33%). Imports of live, wild-sourced corals in 2013 increased by 66% relative to 2012. | [l]Adequate management of coral resources generally appears to be in place in Australia (see e.g. SRG 64/11). A positive opinion was formed for Australia on 28/05/2013 and the SRG formed a positive opinion for trade in [i]Euphyllia[/i] spp. at genus level on 07/11/2014. A previous negative opinion the genus from Indonesia was replaced with a positive opinion on 15/05/2002 and reconfirmed on 14/09/2007. On 07/11/2014, the SRG formed a positive opinion for trade in live specimens at species level for Indonesia and a no op i) for trade in raw corals at genus level. As per CITES Notification No. 2013/035, [i]Euphyllia[/i] is one of the coral taxa where reporting trade at the genus level is acceptable for raw corals (live to be identified to species level). |
| B/II | [l][i]Favia rotundata[/i] | [l]NT | [l]Sharp increase | [l]** | [l]Wild-sourced imports in 2013 comprised 3 084 live corals imported from Australia for commercial purposes. This represented the first reported trade at the species level for [i]F. rotundata[/i] over the period 2004-2013. | [l]Adequate management of coral resources generally appears to be in place in Australia (see e.g. SRG 64/11). |
| B/II | [l]Favites pentagona | [l]LC | [l]Sharp increase | [l]** | [l]In 2013 5 422 wild-sourced live corals were imported from Australia for commercial purposes. Imports of live, wild-sourced corals reported as [i]F. pentagona[/i] in 2013 increased from 18 corals in 2012. | [l]Adequate management of coral resources generally appears to be in place in Australia (see e.g. SRG 64/11). |
| B/II | [l]Platygyra daedalea | [l]LC | [l]Sharp increase | [l] | [l]In 2013, wild-sourced imports comprised 2 066 live corals imported from Australia for commercial purposes, representing almost a four-fold increase compared from the last reported trade in this species, in 2007. In addition to 2013 and 2007, trade wild sourced live corals was only reported in 2004 and 2006. | [l]Adequate management of coral resources generally appears to be in place in Australia (see e.g. SRG 64/11). |
| B/II | [l][i]Acanthastrea lordhowensis [/i] | [l]NT | [l]Sharp increase | [l]2011, 2012 | [l]In 2013, wild-sourced imports comprised 5 963 live corals imported from Australia for commercial purposes. Imports of live, wild-sourced corals more than doubled between 2012 and 2013 reaching their highest level over the period 2004-2013 and continuing a year-on-year increase since 2008. No trade in [i]A. lordhowensis[/i] was reported 2004-2007. | [l]Adequate management of coral resources generally appears to be in place in Australia (see for instance SRG 64/11). As per CITES Notification No. 2013/035, Acanthastrea is one of the coral taxa where reporting trade at the genus level is acceptable. The SRG formed a positive opinion for trade in [i]Acanthastrea[/i] spp. at genus level on 07/11/2014. |
| B/II | [l]Lobophyllia hemprichii | [l]LC | [l]Sharp increase | [l]* | [l]In 2013, wild-sourced imports solely consisted of live corals imported from Australia for commercial purposes. Imports of live, wild-sourced corals reported as [i]L. hemprichii[/i] increased from 81 in 2012 to 4 415 in 2013 (representing more than a 50 fold increase), to their second highest level over the period 2004-2013. Imports of live, wild-sourced [i]Lobophyllia[/i] spp. reported at the genus level in 2013 decreased by 9% relative to 2012. | [l]Adequate management of coral resources generally appears to be in place in Australia (see for instance SRG 64/11). As per CITES Notification No. 2013/035, Lobophyllia is one of the coral taxa where reporting trade at the genus level is acceptable. The SRG formed a positive opinion for trade in Lobophyllia spp. at genus level on 07/11/2014. |
| B/II | [l][i]Symphyllia agaricia[/i] | [l]LC | [l]Sharp increase | [l]* | [l]Wild sourced imports in 2013 comprised 1 409 live corals imported for commercial purposes, of which the majority were from Australia (96%) and the remainder from Indonesia. Imports of live, wild-sourced corals reported as [i]S. agaricia[/i] in 2013 increased almost five-fold compared to 2012, to their highest level over the period 2004-2013. Imports of live, wild-sourced [i]Symphyllia[/i] spp. reported at the genus level in 2013 decreased by 21% relative to 2012. | [l]Adequate management of coral resources generally appears to be in place in Australia (see for instance SRG 64/11). As per CITES Notification No. 2013/035, [i]Symphyllia[/i] is one of the coral taxa where reporting trade at the genus level is acceptable. In 2013, Indonesia published a quota of 2700 live, wild-taken corals at genus level. |
| B/II | [l][i]Goniopora stokesi [/i] (Flowerpot Coral) | [l]NT | [l]High volume (GT) | [l]2010, 2011, 2012 | [l]In 2013, wild-sourced imports comprised 13 104 live corals imported for commercial purposes, the majority of which were imported from Indonesia (95%). Imports of live, wild-sourced coral decreased by 20% in 2013 relative to 2012. No imports of raw corals were reported in 2013 for the first time since 2008. | [l]The population from Indonesia was reviewed for SRG 51, following which a positive opinion was confirmed for Indonesia on 16/02/2010. The SRG formed a positive opinion for trade in Goniopora spp. at genus level on 08/12/2014, which was confirmed on 09/04/2015. As per CITES Notification No. 2013/035, [i]Goniopora[/i] is one of the coral taxa where reporting trade at the genus level is acceptable. In 2013, Indonesia published an export quota for 45 000 live, wild-sourced pieces each at species and at genus level, of which imports by the EU reported at species level represented 28%. |
| B/II | [l][i]Trachyphyllia geoffroyi [/i] (Crater Coral) | [l]NT | [l]High volume (GT) | [l]2010, 2011, 2012 | [l]In 2013, wild-sourced imports comprised 15 492 live corals imported for commercial purposes, the majority of which were imported from Australia (99%). Imports of live, wild-sourced increased by 47% between 2012 and 2013, to the second highest level over the ten year period 2004-2013. | [l]The Australian population was reviewed for SRG 55 and a positive opinion was formed on 20/06/2011. [i]T. geoffroyi[/i] was selected for the CITES Review of Significant Trade following CoP15. Only Singapore and the Solomon Islands were retained in the review (AC27 Doc.12.4 (Rev.1)). |
| ANNEX B: PLANTS | ||||||
| B/II | [l][i]Euphorbia antisyphilitica [/i] (Candelilla) | [l]n/a | [l]High volume | [l]2010, 2011, 2012 | [l]In 2013, wild-sourced imports comprised wax (375 200 kg) imported from Mexico for commercial purposes. Imports of wild-sourced wax decreased by 37% in 2013 relative to 2012. Imports of extract were reported at 20 000 kg in 2012 but were not reported in 2013. | [l]The species was reviewed for SRG 41 and 44, following which a positive opinion was confirmed for Mexico on 26/05/2008. |
| B/II | [l][i]Euphorbia hedyotoides[/i] | [l]EN | [l]Sharp increase | [l]2012 | [l]In 2013, wild-sourced imports comprised 100 live plants imported from Madagascar for commercial purposes. Imports of wild-sourced live plants increased by 82% in 2013 relative to 2012. Prior to 2012, no wild-sourced imports had been reported since 2005. | [l]The species was reviewed at SRG70 and a no op ii) was formed for wild-taken specimens from Madagascar on 08/12/2014. Removed from the Review of Significant Trade (following CoP14) on the basis the species was widespread and not threatened by collection. |
| B/II | [l][i]Euphorbia itremensis[/i] | [l]VU | [l]Sharp increase | [l]2012 | [l]Wild sourced imports of E. itremensis in 2013 comprised 200 live plants from Madagascar, imported for commercial purposes, double the quantity reported in 2012 and maintaining an increasing trend to reach their highest level of trade over the period 2004-2013. Prior to 2011, imports of [i]E. itremensis[/i] were reported in 2005 only for this period. | [l]The species was reviewed at SRG70 and a no op ii) was formed for wild-taken specimens from Madagascar on 08/12/2014. . [i]E. itremensis[/i] was selected for the CITES Review of Significant Trade following CoP14 and categorised as Least Concern at the 19th Plants Committee (PC 19 summary record). It was also selected following CoP15 and Madagascar was categorised as Possible Concern at PC21; Madagascar is required to report on its methodology for making NDFs and establish a conservative export quota within 6 months (PC21 WG2 Doc.1). Likely to be discussed at PC22. |
| B/II | [l][i]Euphorbia pedilanthoides[/i] | [l]NT | [l]Sharp increase | [l]2012 | [l]In 2013, wild-sourced imports comprised 100 live plants imported from Madagascar for commercial purposes; representing their highest level of trade over the period 2004-2013 and double the quantity reported in 2012. Prior to 2012, no imports of [i]E. pedilanthoides[/i] had been reported since 2006. | [l]The species was reviewed at SRG70 and a no op ii) was formed for wild-taken specimens from Madagascar on 08/12/2014. Removed from the Review of Significant Trade (following CoP14) on the basis of a large distribution. |
| B/II | [l][i]Euphorbia sakarahaensis[/i] | [l]VU | [l]Sharp increase | [l]2012 | [l]In 2013, wild-sourced imports comprised 100 live plants from Madagascar for commercial purposes; representing their highest level of trade over the period 2004-2013 and double the amount relative to 2012. Prior to 2012, no imports of [i]E. sakarahaensis[/i] had been reported since 2006. | [l]The species was reviewed at SRG70 and a no op ii) was formed for wild-taken specimens from Madagascar on 08/12/2014 . Removed from the Review of Significant Trade (following CoP14) on the basis that only trade in artificially propagated specimens was anticipated; however trade in wild specimens reported to the EU. |
| B/II | [l][i]Galanthus elwesii [/i] (Greater Snowdrop) | [l]DD | [l]High volume (GT) | [l]2010, 2011, 2012 | [l]In 2013, wild-sourced imports comprised 2 917 350 live plants imported from Turkey for commercial purposes. Imports of wild-sourced live plants declined by 19% between 2012 and 2013, decreasing for the second consecutive year. | [l]The population from Turkey was reviewed for SRG 51, following which a positive opinion was confirmed on 16/02/2010. The population from Turkey has also been reviewed for SRG 69. G. elwesii was included in the CITES Review of Significant Trade following CoP16 (PC21 WG2 Doc.1 and PC21 Sum.4). Species to be discussed at PC22. |
| B/II | [l][i]Galanthus woronowii [/i] (Green Snowdrop) | [l]n/a | [l]High volume | [l]2010, Text of link, 2012 | [l]In 2013, wild-sourced imports comprised 5 754 310 live plants mainly imported for commercial purposes (>99%), the majority of which were from Georgia (74%) and the remainder from Turkey. Imports of wild-sourced live plants in 2013 increased by 6% relative to 2012. | [l]The population from Turkey was reviewed for SRG 51, following which a positive opinion was confirmed on 16/02/2010. A positive opinion for Georgia was confirmed on 30/06/2009 (with a quota of 15 million bulbs). Georgia provided information for SRG 67. |
| B/II | [l][i]Aloe ferox [/i] (Aloe) | [l]n/a | [l]High volume | [l]2010, 2011, 2012 | [l]In 2013, wild-sourced imports (including a small number reported without a source code) primarily comprised extract: 125 105 kg, 7032 l and 916 units. The vast majority of extract reported by weight was imported from South Africa for commercial purposes (>99%). Imports of extract reported by weight in 2013 increased by 5% relative to 2012. In addition, 20 110 wild-sourced leaves were imported from South Africa for commercial purposes. This represented a decrease of 54% compared to 2012. | [l]The population from South Africa was reviewed for SRG 59, following which a positive opinion was confirmed on 23/02/2012. |
| B/II | [l][i]Myrmecophila thomsoniana[/i] | [l]EN | [l]Sharp increase | [l] | [l]In 2013, wild-sourced imports comprised 29 dried plants imported from the Cayman Islands for scientific purposes. No other trade in [i]M. thomsoniana[/i] was reported over the period 2003-2014. | [l] |
| B/II | [l][i]Cyclamen cilicium[/i] | [l]n/a | [l]High volume | [l]2010, 2012 | [l]In 2013, wild-sourced imports comprised 44 400 live plants imported from Turkey for commercial purposes. Imports of wild-source live plants rose for the fourth consecutive year, increasing by 23% between 2012 and 2013; however overall imports decreased by 82% over the period 2004-2013. | [l]The species was reviewed for SRG 51, following which a positive opinion for Turkey was confirmed on 16/02/2010. |
| B/II | [l][i]Cyclamen coum[/i] | [l]n/a | [l]High volume | [l]2010, 2012 | [l]In 2013, wild-sourced imports comprised 260 225 live plants imported from Turkey for commercial purposes. Trade was variable over the period 2004-2013. Imports of wild-sourced live plants increased more than two-fold in 2013 compared to 2012; but trade was still considerably lower than in 2004 and 2006. | [l]The population from Turkey was reviewed for SRG 51, following which a positive opinion was confirmed on 16/02/2010. |
| ANNEX B: TIMBER | [l]#colspan# | |||||
| B/II | [l][i]Pericopsis elata [/i] (African Teak) | [l]EN | [l]High volume (GT) | [l]2010, 2011, 2012 | [l]In 2013, wild-sourced imports comprised timber for commercial purposes (7 560 m3), the majority imported from Cameroon (54%) and the DRC (42%). Trade in timber was variable over the period 2004-2013 and imports reported by volume in 2013 decreased by 34% relative to 2012. | [l]The species has been reviewed at numerous SRGs and was selected for the CITES Review of Significant Trade process following CoP14; Cameroon was categorised as Least Concern and DRC as Possible Concern at the 19th meeting of the Plants Committee. The SRG confirmed a positive opinion for Cameroon on 12/03/2009. The population from DRC was discussed at SRG 72, following which a no opinion ii) was confirmed on 02/07/2015. In 2013 DRC published an export quota for 23 240 m3 logs, sawn wood and veneer sheets. The SRG confirmed a positive opinion for Cameroon on 12/03/2009. The population from DRC was discussed at SRG 72, following which a no opinion ii) was confirmed on 02/07/2015. In 2013 DRC published an export quota for 23 240 m3 logs, sawn wood and veneer sheets. |
| B/II | [l][i]Gonystylus spp.[/i] | [l]VU (15 spp.) | [l]High volume | [l]2012 | [l]In 2013, wild-sourced imports of [i]Gonystylus[/i] spp. reported at the genus level mainly comprised timber reported by volume, all of which was imported from Malaysia for commercial purposes (1 248 m3). Some trade was also reported at the species level for [i]G. bancanus[/i]; comprising of 23 m3 wild-sourced timber and 62 m3 wild-sourced carvings, imported from Malaysia for commercial purposes. The volume of timber imports of [i]Gonystylus[/i] spp. reported at the genus level increased more than two-fold between 2012 and 2013, while imports of timber of [i]G. bancanus[/i] in 2013 dropped by 95% relative to 2012. | [l]The genus was reviewed for SRG 47, following which a positive opinion for [i]Gonystylus[/i] spp. from Malaysia (Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah & Sarawak) was confirmed. Malaysia published an export quota of 3178 m3 of parts and derivatives from Sarawak and 10000 m3 from Peninsular Malaysia and Sabah in 2013. |
| B/II | [l][i]Prunus africana [/i] (African Cherry) | [l]VU | [l]High volume (GT) | [l]2010, 2011, 2012 | [l]In 2013, wild-sourced imports primarily comprised bark imported for commercial purposes (928 917 kg), imported from Cameroon (58%), the Democratic Republic of Congo (23%) and Uganda (19%). Imports of wild-sourced bark in 2013 increased by 87% relative to 2012 to levels similar to those reported in 2006 and 2007; however levels remained considerably lower than peak trade reported in 2005 (2 498 627 kg). | [l][i]P. africana[/i] has been discussed at numerous SRGs. At SRG 72 (02/07/2015), a positive opinion for specimens from Uganda was formed. The SRG formed a negative opinion for specimens from Cameroon on 14/09/2007, which was reconfirmed on 30/11/2009. Trade from Cameroon was reviewed at SRG 55 on 11/03/2011 and a positive opinion was agreed for a quota of 150 000 kg for 2010 and 2011, subject to clear identification of origin from the north-west region. This positive opinion for bark from Cameroon has been reconfirmed several times, most recently at SRG 72 on 02/07/2015 for a total annual quota of 974 853 kg of dry bark (divided between specific geographic regions, subject to clear indication of the origin in the export permit). A no op) ii was fomed on 02/07/2015 for bark from the Mount Oshie region. The negative opinion for Cameroon formed on 30/11/2009 remains valid for trade other than that which meets these conditions. [i]P. africana[/i] was included in the CITES Review of Significant Trade following CoP16 (PC21 WG2 Doc.1 and PC21 Sum.4). In 2013 Cameroon published an export quota for 634 763 kg of dry bark, the Democratic Republic of Congo published a quota for 72 000 kg of dry bark and Uganda published a quota for 176 179 kg dry bark. |
| B/II | [l][i]Bulnesia sarmientoi [/i] (Holy Wood) | [l]NT | [l]High volume (GT) | [l]2012 | [l]Wild-sourced imports of B. sarmientoi in 2013 primarily comprised oil (36 290 kg) and extract (22 820 kg) imported from Paraguay for commercial purposes. In addition, 4 370 kg of wild-sourced derivatives for commercial purposes were also imported from Paraguay in 2013. This species was listed in Annex C (Argentina) in 2008, and in Appendix II and Annex B in 2010. Trade in oil and extract was first reported in 2009. Imports of wild-sourced oil and extract in 2013 increased by 39% and 20% respectively, relative to 2012. | [l]The species was reviewed for SRG 56 and has been discussed at numerous SRG meetings including SRGs 65-71; a positive opinion for Paraguay was confirmed on 09/04/2015. [i]B. sarmientoi[/i] was included in the CITES Review of Significant Trade following CoP16 (PC21 WG2 Doc.1 and PC21 Sum.4). Species to be discussed at PC22. |
| ANNEX C: MAMMALS | ||||||
| C/III | [l][i]Antilope cervicapra [/i] (Blackbuck) | [l]NT | [l]High volume (GT) | [l]2011, 2012 | [l]In 2013, wild-sourced imports (and a small number reported without a source code) comprised trophy items reported as purpose H or P (and a small number of trophies without a purpose specified), which equated to approximately 62 individuals (55 trophies and seven skulls). The trophy items were all imported from Argentina, with the exception of one trophy from the United States. Combined imports of trophy items (trophies, bodies, skins and skulls) in 2013 decreased by 24% relative to 2012, continuing an overall decreasing trend from a peak in trade in 2006 (292 trophy items). | [l] |
| ANNEX C: BIRDS | ||||||
| C/III | [l][i]Nesoenas mayeri [/i] (Pink Pigeon) | [l]EN | [l]High volume (GT), Sharp increase | [l] | [l]In 2013, 800 eggs, reported without a source code, were imported from Mauritius without a purpose specified. No other trade in [i]N. mayeri[/i] was reported over the period 2004-2013 . | [l] |
| ANNEX C: REPTILES | ||||||
| C/III | [l][i]Graptemys pseudogeographica [/i] (False Map Turtle) | [l]LC | [l]High volume | [l]2010, 2011 | [l]In 2013, imports primarily comprised 55 545 live individuals which were wild-sourced (89%) or reported without a source code (11%). This trade was mainly for commercial purposes and the majority of live individuals were imported from the United States (95%), with the remainder from China. In addition, 1 100 small leather products were imported from the United States. Imports of live individuals increased by 30% between 2012 and 2013, following a year-on-year decrease since 2007. | [l] |
| C/III | [l][i]Mauremys reevesii [/i] (Reeve’s Turtle) | [l]EN | [l]High volume (GT) | [l]2011, 2012 | [l]In 2013, imports comprised 3 000 live individuals without a source specified, imported from China without a purpose specified. This represents a 79% decrease in live imports in 2013 from a peak in trade in 2012 (14 500 live individuals), but is relatively consistent with trade reported in 2010 and 2011. The species was listed in Appendix III (China) in 2005. | [l] |
| C/III | [l][i]Mauremys sinensis [/i] (Chinese Tripe-necked Turtle) | [l]EN | [l]High volume (GT) | [l]2010, 2011, 2012 | [l]In 2013, imports comprised 5 000 live individuals without a source specified, imported from China without a purpose specified. The majority of imports of [i]M. sinensis[/i] reported since its listing in Appendix III (China) in 2005 have been reported with an unknown source or a source not specified. Imports of live individuals have been variable since 2005; live imports in 2013 decreased by 71% relative to 2012. | [l]Whilst listed in Annex C (hence SRG opinions are not applicable), the species was reviewed for SRG 62 to assess whether it might merit listing in Annex B. It was considered that the criteria for listing in Annex B may not be met. |
Key: Within the ‘IUCN Red List status’ column, ‘CR’ = Critically Endangered, ‘EN’ = Endangered, ‘VU’= Vulnerable, ‘NT’= Near Threatened and ‘-’= not evaluated. Within the column ‘Selection criteria’, ‘High volume (GT)’ = ‘High volume (globally threatened)’, ◊ = met the criteria based on candidate countries’ trade only; ♦ = met the criteria based on both EU and candidate countries’ trade. *’No opinion (i)’ = no significant trade anticipated; ‘No opinion (ii)’ = decision deferred; ‘No opinion (iii)’ = referral to the SRG.
[1] Includes skins and trophies reported with purpose codes ‘H’, ‘P’ and ‘T’.
| Annex | Appendix | Taxon (Common name) | IUCN Red List status | Selection criteria | Previously selected (2010 onwards) | Summary of trade |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ANNEX B: MAMMALS | ||||||
| B | II | [i]Lycalopex griseus[/i] (South American Grey Fox) | High volume? | 2010?, 2011?, 2012? | In 2013, 35 049 wild-sourced skins were imported by Turkey from Argentina for commercial purposes, representing a decrease of 28% compared to 2012. | |
| B | II | [i]Lycalopex gymnocercus[/i] (Pampa Fox) | High volume | 2011, 2012 | Wild-sourced imports of [i]L. gymnocercus[/i] in 2013 comprised 29 949 skins, imported by Turkey from Argentina to Turkey for commercial purposes. Candidate country imports of wild sourced skins fell by 19% between 2012 and 2013, although remained higher than trade in previous years, with the exception of 2007 and 2012. | |
| B | II | [i]Lynx rufus[/i] (Bobcat) | Sharp increase | 2010, 2011 | In 2013, candidate countries reported the import of 2704 wild-sourced skins, all of which were imported from the United States of America for commercial purposes. Imports in 2013 were over ten times higher than 2012 reaching their highest level over the ten year period 2004-2013; prior to this the only imports of wild-sourced skins were in 2008 (57) and 2009 (one skin). | |
| B | II | [i]Arctocephalus pusillus[/i] (Cape Fur Seal) | High volume | 2010, 2011, 2012 | Wild sourced imports of [i]A. pusillus[/i] in 2013 comprised skins (10 047) and skin pieces (20 207) imported by Turkey from Namibia for commercial purposes. No other imports of wild-sourced skin pieces were reported 2004-2013; imports of wild sourced skins dropped by more than half between 2012 and 2013 to the lowest level in the period 2004-2013. | |
| ANNEX B: BIRDS | ||||||
| B | II | [i]Ramphastos tucanus[/i] (Red-billed Toucan) | VU | Sharp increase | In 2013 Turkey reported the import of 14 live, wild-sourced R. tucanus for commercial purposes from Guyana. No imports of live wild-sourced [i]R. tucanus[/i] have been reported since 2009 when Turkey imported two live individuals; prior to this imports were reported in 2004 (six), 2007 (18) and 2008 (six). | |
| B | II | [i]Amazona dufresniana[/i] (Blue-cheeked Parrot) | NT | Sharp increase | In 2013 wild sourced imports of [i]A. dufresniana[/i] comprised 22 live birds imported by Turkey from Guyana, all of which were imported for commercial purposes. Imports increased by 83% compared to last reported imports in 2011 (12), reaching their highest levels over the period 2004-2013; trade in live A. dufresniana was also reported in 2004 (12), 2007 (two) and 2009 (20). | |
| B | II | [i]Amazona farinosa[/i] (Mealy Parrot) | NT | High volume (GT) | In 2013, Turkey reported the import of 65 wild-sourced, live [i]A. farinosa[/i] from Guyana for commercial purposes, an increase of 30% compared to the last reported trade in this species in 2011 to the second highest levels in the period 2004-2013. | |
| B | II | [i]Amazona festiva[/i] (Festive Parrot) | NT | High volume (GT), Sharp increase | Wild sourced imports in 2013 consisted of 63 live wild-sourced birds imported by Turkey from Guyana for commercial purposes. Imports in 2013 represented the highest level over the ten year period 2004-2013, prior to 2013 the only other imports of wild sourced [i]A. festiva[/i] were in 2009 (45), 2007 (four) and 2004 (12). | |
| B | II | [i]Psittacus erithacus[/i] (Grey Parrot) | VU | High volume (GT) | 2011, 2012 | Turkey reported the import of 6500 live, wild-sourced [i]P. erithacus[/i] for commercial purposes in 2013. The majority of the wild-sourced birds originated in Congo (84%), smaller numbers originated in Cameroon (16%). Candidate country imports of P. erithacus increased by 83% between 2012 and 2013, to the highest level in the period 2004-2013. |
| ANNEX B: REPTILES | ||||||
| B | II | [i]Ophiophagus hannah[/i] (King Cobra) | VU | Sharp increase | In 2013, 4 wild-sourced, live [i]O. hannah[/i] were imported by Turkey from Indonesia for zoos. No other wild sourced trade was reported during the ten year period 2004-2013. | |
| B | II | [i]Python reticulatus[/i] (Reticulated Python) | Sharp increase | 2011, 2012 | Wild sourced imports in 2013 principally comprised 17 945 skins, imported by Turkey for commercial purposes. The majority of skins were exported from Malaysia (63%) while the remainder were from Indonesia. Imports of wild sourced skins have shown an increasing trend since 2008 and doubled between 2012 and 2013 to their highest level in the ten year period. | |
Key: Within the ‘IUCN Red List status’ column, ‘CR’ = Critically Endangered, ‘VU’= Vulnerable, ‘NT’= Near Threatened and ‘-’= not evaluated. Within the column ‘Selection criteria’, ‘High volume (GT)’ = ‘High volume (globally threatened)’, ◊ = met the criteria based on EU trade only; ♦ = met the criteria based on both EU and candidate countries’ trade.